Frankenstein

Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, first published in London in 1818, is a novel infused with some elements of the Gothic novel and the Romantic movement. It was also a warning against the “over-reaching” of modern man and the Industrial Revolution. The story has had an influence across literature and popular culture and spawned a complete genre of horror stories and films. Many distinguished authors, such as Brian Aldiss, claim that it is the very first science fiction novel.

Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, the daughter of William Godwin (see Vol. IV) and Mary Wollstonecraft, was born in London, August 30, 1797, and married to the poet Shelley in 1816, on the death of his first wife Harriet. Two years previous to this she had eloped with Shelley (see Vol. XVIII) to Switzerland, and they lived together in Italy till his death in 1823, when Mrs. Shelley returned to England, and continued her literary work. “Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus,” the first of Mary Shelley’s books, was published in 1818, and owed its origin to the summer spent by the Shelleys on the shores of Geneva when Byron was their neighbour. It was “a wet, ungenial summer,” according to the account Mary Shelley has left. “Some volumes of ghost stories, translated from the German into French, fell into our hands.” Then one evening Byron said, “we will each write a ghost story,” and the proposition was agreed to, and Mary Shelley’s contribution was developed till at length “Frankenstein” was written. The story is at once a remarkable and impressive performance. The influence of Mrs. Shelley’s father is apparent throughout, but probably the authoress was most influenced by the old German tales of the supernatural. The theme of a mortal creating, by the aid of natural science, a being in the shape of man, was at the time a bold and daring innovation in English literature. Mrs. Shelley died February 21, 1851.